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Turning Waste into Clean Energy: Driving Sustainable Innovation
Explore Ram Charan's patented processes that convert waste into valuable resources like ethanol and hydrogen, delivering sustainable, cost-effective solutions for industries worldwide
Concept
Unique patented technique for converting waste to ethanol and hydrogen
Concept
Unique patented technique for converting waste to ethanol and hydrogen
Waste Management & Energy Production
Unsegregated Waste to Value-Added Products
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Global Protection
PCT application filed (PCT/IN2023/050840)
Global Protection
PCT application filed (PCT/IN2023/050840)
Recent Innovation
Patented in November 2023
Recent Innovation
Patented in November 2023
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Indian Patent
Application number 2023410474841
Indian Patent
Application number 2023410474841
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Developed by
RCPL-Entity1
Developed by
RCPL-Entity1
Concept
Unique patented technique for converting waste to ethanol & hydrogen
Recent Innovation
Patented in November 2023
Global Protection
PCT application filed (PCT/IN2023/050840)
Indian Patent
Application number 2023410474841
Developed by
RCPL-Entity1
Waste Management & Energy Production
Waste Management & Energy Production
The Process Flow
Collection Our process starts with extracting landfill gas and collecting municipal solid waste (MSW) from landfills.
Methane Utilization Captured methane is used for electricity generation, industrial and institutional applications, and arts and crafts.
Processing Collected materials undergo initial treatment, including blowing, flaring, and processing for pipeline-ready gas production.
Gaseous Hydrogen Infrastructure
Current gaseous hydrogen refueling requires extensive infrastructure. This includes pipelines from production to collection sites, high-pressure Type IV tanks for storage, open-air spaces at refueling stations, and additional pipelines to refueling units. The system demands automated valves, sensors, pressure regulators, comprehensive fire safety measures, and significant land use.
Liquide Hydrogen Infrastructure
Liquid hydrogen storage uses custom cryogenic tanks ranging from 140-743 liters. These systems operate at 253° with 5-19 bar pressure, storing 8-89 kg of hydrogen. They require specialized valves and sensors, with tank dimensions varying by application.
Requirments
Refuelling Infrastructure Requirements
Solid State Hydrogen
Solid-State Hydrogen Storage
1.
Compact Design: Canisters measure 850 X 175 X175 mm, optimized for efficient storage and transport.
2.
Enhanced Safety: Highly stable and safe for vehicle use, with no pressurization required.
3.
Instant Swappability: Depleted canisters can be quickly replaced, minimizing downtime.
4.
High Energy Density: Offers a Higher Heating Value (HHV) of 110 MJ/kg, surpassing many conventional storage methods.
5.
Scalable Capacity: Multiple canisters can be carried simultaneously, allowing for extended range and flexibility.
6.
Cost-Effective: Provides an economical storage solution compared to high-pressure or cryogenic alternatives.
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This solid-state storage technology offers a practical and efficient solution for various applications, from personal vehicles to commercial transport.
Potential Industries for RDF Utilization
Market Analysis for Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF)
Current consumption:
193,000 tonnes of alternate fuel per year
Future Demand:
Expected to reach 283,000 tonnes per year in Western Canada alone Global demand: Approximately 10 times the regional demand
Benefits:
Reduces fossil fuel usage \& lowers carbon footprint
Energy Requirement:
RDF can provide up to 75% of needed energy
Calorific value range:
12-15 GJ/tonne
Solid-State Boron-Based H2 Storage
Our advanced solid-state storage solution utilizes boron-based materials to achieve high hydrogen storage density at ambient temperatures.
Safety Benefits:
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Non-Hazardous And Non-Flammable
Significantly Reduces Risks Associated With Hydrogen Storage
Key Features:
8% storage volume percentage
Operates at room temperature
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Eliminates the need for high-pressure or cryogenic system
Global Application: Green Hydrogen from MSW
Our solutions can be implemented worldwide, offering versatile storage options:
Safety Benefits:
Gaseous Hydrogen: Stored In Type IV Cylinders At 700 Bar
Liquid Hydrogen Storage: For HighDensity Applications
Solid-State Storage: Using Our Proprietary 2D Boron-Based Material
Benefits of Our Solutions:
Composite cylinders lighten vehicle weight.
Simple hydrogen release mechanism.
Safe to synthesize and store in diverse environments.
Future Prospects
Major usage anticipated in chemical industries
Potential for treating RDF into value-added products
Follows zero waste hierarchy (5R: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Repurpose, Renew)
At Entity 1, we're not just dreaming of a better world we're engineering it. Join us in our mission to transform waste into wonder, and power into possibility. Together, we can create solutions that truly make SENSE.
Ready to Make a Difference?
Contact us today to learn how you can contribute to a cleaner, more efficient world.
Let's Build a Sustainable Future Together
Frequently Asked Questions
The process involves passing the emissions through Entity-1's patented electrocatalytic reactors without the need for segregation or pretreatment of the gases
Yes, the patent for the process of Electro catalytic Conversion Of Green House Gases Into Value-added Products has been granted.
No, there is no need for segregation or pretreatment of the gases before they are passed through the electrocatalytic reactors.
By converting the emissions into valuable products, this process helps in reducing the overall greenhouse gas emissions from industrial sources.
Comprehensive Waste Management and Resource Recovery
Carbon Recovery
Carbon-rich sludge can be transformed into carbon nanotubes (CNTs), offering high returns due to their market value. CNTs are produced using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques.
Zero Waste Approach
Residual solutions are treated in Microbial Electrochemical Cells (MECC) to purify and recycle materials, ensuring a closed-loop system with minimal environmental impact. This innovative method reduces RDF accumulation and promotes sustainable waste management.
Process Overview
The treatment of RDF involves acid digestion and magnetic separation to recover rare earth minerals (REMs) efficiently. This process minimizes chemical use and supports a circular economy by converting waste into valuable products.
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Process Overview
The treatment of RDF involves acid digestion and magnetic separation to recover rare earth minerals (REMs) efficiently. This process minimizes chemical use and supports a circular economy by converting waste into valuable products.
Zero Waste Approach
Residual solutions are treated in Microbial Electrochemical Cells (MECC) to purify and recycle materials, ensuring a closed-loop system with minimal environmental impact. This innovative method reduces RDF accumulation and promotes sustainable waste management.
Carbon-rich sludge can be transformed into carbon nanotubes (CNTs), offering high returns due to their market value. CNTs are produced using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques.
Carbon Recovery
GHG Emissions by Sector in India (2014):
Energy: 2,198.71 MtCO2e (68.7%)
Agriculture: 626.86 MtCO2e (19.6%)
Industrial Processes: 193.19 MtCO2e (6.0%)
Land-Use Change and Forestry: 122.50 MtCO2e (3.8%)
Waste: 61.05 MtCO2e (1.9%)
Additional emission sources:
Distilleries: 2.4 kg CO2 emitted per liter of alcohol produced Balancing industrial growth with emission reduction remains a critical challenge for India
Current Challenges
Doubled solid waste in two decades
Environmental concerns
Health risks
Treatment Methods
Thermal Processes
Incineration
Gasification
Pyrolysis
Non-Thermal Processes
Landfilling
Aerobic digestion
Anaerobic digestion
Issues with Common Methods
Incineration: Carcinogenic pollutants
Landfilling: Land, air, and water pollution
Gasification: Problematic byproducts
Emerging Solutions
Pyrolysis: Promising for MSW conversion and resource recovery
Future Needs
Advanced waste-to-energy technologies considering:
Heating value
Chemical properties
Material quality
Economic feasibility
The Evolution of Waste Management
Tackling Waste Management: How RDF Can Make a Difference
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Chemical Composition Analysis of RDF Sample
Our analysis of RDF samples using XRF finds significant metal oxides, silica, alumina, and iron oxide levels. The concentrations exceed environmental thresholds in India, posing risks of soil, water, and air pollution if used untreated in applications like pavement blocks or road materials. Safe disposal requires chemical treatment methods such as acid digestion and chemical precipitation to mitigate environmental and health hazards.
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Cryogenic Cold Plasma Pyrolysis of MSW
Our cutting-edge waste treatment process efficiently handles 500 tons of unsegregated municipal solid waste daily. It uses cryogenic treatment to expose waste to extremely low temperatures, followed by cold plasma to facilitate material breakdown. Finally, pyrolysis thermally decomposes the materials without oxygen. This innovative approach maximizes resource recovery while minimizing environmental impact.
This ultra-clean hydrogen is ideal for various industrial and energy applications, offering a sustainable alternative to fossil fuel-derived hydrogen.
Waste Management
Advance Waste Management Treatment
Green Hydrogen from Waste
Our process produces high-quality green hydrogen with the following specifications:
1. Purity: 99.9% pure hydrogen, ensuring optimal performance in various applications.
2. Conversion Efficiency: >64%, maximizing hydrogen yield from waste materials.
3. High Energy Density: HHV of 120-130 MJ/kg, providing substantial energy output
4. Minimal Contaminants:
-
Oxygen: <10 ppm, preventing oxidation issues
-
Carbon Monoxide: <25 ppm, ensuring safe usage in fuel cells
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Methane: <250 ppm, maintaining high hydrogen concentration
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Ammonia: <10 ppm, reducing the potential for corrosion
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Methanol and Ethanol: <25 ppm, minimizing impurities in the hydrogen stream
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Ethane and higher hydrocarbons: <150 ppm, limiting unwanted carbon content
5. Absence of Harmful Compounds:
-
No insert gases, SOx, NOx, or persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
-
Free from halogens, aromatic hydrocarbons, and alcohols
-
No ketones, esters, aldehydes, or furans present
-
Absence of phosphine and sulfur compounds (H2S)
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Solid State Hydrogen
Solid State Hydrogen
W2H2: Cryogenic Cold Plasma Pyrolysis Process
This innovative process transforms municipal solid waste (MSW) into high-purity hydrogen, offering a sustainable solution for waste management and clean fuel production.
Environmental Impact:
Reduces Landfill Waste
Produces Clean Energy
Contributes To A Circular Economy
Key Features:
Efficient conversion of waste to hydrogen
High-purity output (99.9%)
Minimal contaminants and byproducts
Hydrogen storage
Hydrogen Storage and Delivery
for Automotive Use
Our company offers two groundbreaking solutions for hydrogen storage and delivery in automotive applications, addressing the challenges of efficiency, safety, and practicality.
RPCL Solution
Our innovative electrochemical reduction (ER) process efficiently transforms flue gas emissions into useful products:
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 151,200 mg/Nm3
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Converted to C1-C5 alcohols (methanol to isoamyl alcohol) and ethyl/metal acetates
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Expected yield: 55-80\%
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 2,292 mg /Nm3
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Transformed into C1-C5 alcohols
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Expected yield: 65%
Oxygen (O2) 146,720 mg/Nm3
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Fully utilized as an in-house oxidant in the ER process
-
Utilization rate: 100%
Nitrogen (N2) 924,600 mg/Nm3
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Converted to ammonia as an energy carrier and urea as fertilizer3Aq
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Expected yield: 85%
Sulfur Oxides (SOx) <5 mg/ Nm3
-
Converted to sulphates
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Expected yield: 100%
Moisture Content 46,546 mg/ Nm3
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Utilized as an in-house hydrogen source for reducing greenhouse gas emissions
-
Utilization rate: 100%
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) <30 mg/ Nm3
-
Transformed into nitrates
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Expected yield: 55-80\%
This significantly reduces environmental impact while creating useful materials for various industries.
This significantly reduces environmental impact while creating useful materials for various industries.
Nitrogen (N2) 924,600 mg/Nm3
-
Converted to ammonia as an energy carrier and urea as fertilizer3Aq
-
Expected yield: 85%
Sulfur Oxides (SOx) <5 mg/ Nm3
-
Converted to sulphates
-
Expected yield: 100%
-
Transformed into nitrates
-
Expected yield: 55-80\%
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) <30 mg/ Nm3
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 2,292 mg /Nm3
-
Transformed into C1-C5 alcohols
-
Expected yield: 65%
Moisture Content 46,546 mg/ Nm3
-
Utilized as an in-house hydrogen source for reducing greenhouse gas emissions
-
Utilization rate: 100%
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 151,200 mg/Nm3
-
Converted to C1-C5 alcohols (methanol to isoamyl alcohol) and ethyl/metal acetates
-
Expected yield: 55-80\%
Oxygen (O2) 146,720 mg/Nm3
-
Fully utilized as an in-house oxidant in the ER process
-
Utilization rate: 100%
Comprehensive Waste Management and Resource Recovery
Process Overview
The treatment of RDF involves acid digestion and magnetic separation to recover rare earth minerals (REMs) efficiently. This process minimizes chemical use and supports a circular economy by converting waste into valuable products.
Zero Waste Approach
Residual solutions are treated in Microbial Electrochemical Cells (MECC) to purify and recycle materials, ensuring a closed-loop system with minimal environmental impact. This innovative method reduces RDF accumulation and promotes sustainable waste management.
Carbon Recovery
Carbon-rich sludge can be transformed into carbon nanotubes (CNTs), offering high returns due to their market value. CNTs are produced using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques.
Unique Selling Propositions
Economic Advantages
Cost-effective technology
The low production cost of Value-Added Products (VAPs) < $5/liter
Competitive pricing: alcohol/ammonia at 0$0.32/liter, ammonia potentially < Rs. 15/ liter
No additional costs for hydrogen gas handling
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Environmental Sustainability
-
Potential for 100% renewable energy utilization
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Closed-loop system adhering to 5R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover, Repurpose)
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Zero waste production
-
Carbon neutral or negative process
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Promotes circular economy and supply chain sustainability
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Technical Efficiency
High conversion efficiency (>80%)
High Faradaic efficiency (>80%)
Flow-type reactor for easy handling and longevity
Easy scalability to Tons Per Day (TPD)
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Versatile Applications
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Ethanol or alcohols as alternative fuels
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Ammonia as an energy carrier
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Effective flue gas treatment (ER Electrochemical Reduction)
Refuse Derived Fuel & Its Type
Cement Industry | Surface Morphology | Composition | Key Feature |
|---|---|---|---|
RDF1 | Raw MSW | Unprocessed | Minimal separation of large particles |
RDF2 | Coarse | Passes 6 in ^2 mesh | Includes iron, 95% pass-through |
RDF3 | Fluffy | Passes 2 in ^2 mesh | Inorganics removed, 95% passthrough |
RDF4 | Powder | Passes 0.035 in^2 mesh | Metal/metalloid oxides, 95% pass-through |
RDF5 | Densified solid | Compressed forms | Metal/metalloid oxides |
RDF6 | Liquid | Processed combustibles | High heating value |
RDF7 | Gas | Processed combustibles | For electricity/automotive use |
Refuse Derived Fuel & Its Type
Cement Industry
RDF1
RDF2
RDF3
RDF4
RDF5
RDF6
RDF7
Surface Morphology
Raw MSW
Coarse
Fluffy
Powder
Densified solid
Liquid
Gas
Composition
Unprocessed
Passes 6 in^2 mesh
Passes 2 in^2 mesh
Passes 0.035 in^2 mesh
Compressed forms
Processed Combustibles
Processed Combustibles
Key Feature
Minimal separation of large particles
Includes iron, 95% pass-through
Inorganics removed, 95% passthrough
Metal/metalloid oxides, 95% pass-through
Metal/metalloid oxides
High heating value
For electricity /automotive use
Refuse Derived Fuel & Its Type
Cement Industry | Surface Morphology | Composition | Key Feature |
|---|---|---|---|
RDF1 | Raw MSW | Unprocessed | Minimal separation of large particles |
RDF2 | Coarse | Passes 6 in ^2 mesh | Includes iron, 95% pass-through |
RDF3 | Fluffy | Passes 2 in ^2 mesh | Inorganics removed, 95% passthrough |
RDF4 | Powder | Passes 0.035 in^2 mesh | Metal/metalloid oxides, 95% pass-through |
RDF5 | Densified solid | Compressed forms | Metal/metalloid oxides |
RDF6 | Liquid | Processed combustibles | High heating value |
RDF7 | Gas | Processed combustibles | For electricity/automotive use |
Requirements
Microbial Electrochemical Cells (MECC) for Solid Waste Treatment
Ram Charan Co Pvt Ltd has developed a patented Microbial Electrochemical Cells (MECC) technology that offers a silent, clean, and green solution for waste treatment.
Key Features:
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Uses beneficial bacteria to digest sludge in wastewater
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Treats wastewater into potable water
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Eco-friendly process for recycling solid wastes, especially plastics
Value-Added Products
MECC technology can convert various waste types into valuable products:
Plastics
Ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, terephthalic acid
Organic wastes (rice husk, herbal wastes)
Ethanol, acetaldehyde
Battery Wastes
Individual elements, LiOH recovery
Comparison with Other Global Waste Treatment Technologies
Feature | Incineration | Pyrolysis | Gasification | MECC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Equipment Cost | Costly | Costly | Costly | Cost-effective glass bottles |
Pollutants | Dioxins, heavy metals, carbon soot, ashes | Dioxins, heavy metals, carbon soot, ashes | Syn gas, heavy metal contamination | No harmful gases, heavy metals, or carbon pollutants |
Waste Concept | NA | NA | NA | Zero waste concept |
Heavy Metal Handling | Contamination in by-products | Contamination in by-products | Contamination in by-products | Reduced to lower oxidation states, dual-purpose |
Process Approach | Recycle and Reuse | Recycle and Reuse | Recycle and Reuse | Recycle, Reuse, and Renewable |
Biological Impact | NA | NA | NA | No pathogens, gram-negative bacterium |
End Products | Contaminated value-added products | Contaminated value-added products | Contaminated value-added products | Clean value-added products (ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, esters, ethers, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, terephthalic acid, metals, alloys, LiOH) |
Feature | Incineration | Pyrolysis | Gasification | MECC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Equipment Cost | Costly | Costly | Costly | Cost-effective glass bottles |
Pollutants | Dioxins, heavy metals, carbon soot, ashes | Dioxins, heavy metals, carbon soot, ashes | Syn gas, heavy metal contamination | No harmful gases, heavy metals, or carbon pollutants |
Waste Concept | NA | NA | NA | Zero waste concept |
Heavy Metal Handling | Contamination in by-products | Contamination in by-products | Contamination in by-products | Reduced to lower oxidation states, dual-purpose |
Process Approach | Recycle and Reuse | Recycle and Reuse | Recycle and Reuse | Recycle, Reuse, and Renewable |
Biological Impact | NA | NA | NA | No pathogens, gram-negative bacterium |
End Products | Contaminated value-added products | Contaminated value-added products | Contaminated value-added products | Clean value-added products (ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, esters, ethers, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, terephthalic acid, metals, alloys, LiOH) |
Advantages of MECC
Cost-Effective Solution Using Glass Bottles
Environmentally Friendly With No Harmful Emissions
Zero Waste Concept
Efficient Heavy Metal Handling
Produces Clean, Value-Added Products
Microbial Electrochemical Cells (MECC)
Cost-Effective Solution Using Glass Bottles
Environmentally Friendly With No Harmful Emissions
Zero Waste Concept
Efficient Heavy Metal Handling
Produces Clean, Value-Added Products
Requirements
Microbial electrochemical Technology (MET)
Microbial electrochemical Technology (MET) is the patented technology of RCPL (Patent number: 381339; PCT/ IB2021/057460; WO2022029749A1; US18/019,220) which involves the bioremediation of the solid wastes rich in organic matter to valuable products such as acetaldehyde, ethanol, formic acid, metals recovery and other hydrocarbons like methane, ethane. Microbial Electrochemical Technology with the help of anode microbial culture can generate a continuous supply of electrons while oxidizing glucose, cellulose, lignin or other simple sugars such as lactate, acetate, glucose, fructose, sucrose, or xylose, cellulose thereby generating electricity and VAPs.
Advantages of MECC
Bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment and feed on all carbon sources such as organic, inorganic, metallic and plastics. this versatile feeding habit of microbes in bio electrochemical cells produce a wide range of products from electricity to hydrogen or methanol to other valueadded products depending on the source fed on by the bacteria. hence the bio electrochemical cells are conveniently used in conventional fuel cells to carbohydrates or more complex organic matter present in organic waste, organic bio-medical waste, sewage, sludge, or even marine sediments.
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Cost effective electrodes (non-noble metals or graphite or composites) and biofilm constitute the electrocatalytic core, and thus become a serious cost-reducing alternative,.
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The long term operation of bio electrochemical cells is achievable by bacteria based electrocatalyst that can self-reproduce, self-renew, and ideally with simple initial inoculation either single culture or mixed culture biofilm can be grown continuously on cathode of microbial electrochemical cells (mecc) facilitating long-term operation.
Product Enquiry
S_No | VAPs | Ethanol yield =[ethanol]*100/[OM]*[H] |
|---|---|---|
1. | Ethanol | 85% |
2. | Acetaldehyde | 8% |
3. | Acetates | 5% |
4. | Methane | 1% |
5. | Methanol | 1% |
S_No | VAPs | Ethanol yield =[ethanol]*100/[OM]*[H] |
|---|---|---|
1. | Ethanol | 85% |
2. | Acetaldehyde | 8% |
3. | Acetates | 5% |
4. | Methane | 1% |
5. | Methanol | 1% |
Value-Added Products
The Value-Added Products (VAPs) expected from organic solid waste using MET